ON-LINE VERSION
A DATA SET is a series of observations collected by the same methodology. Each data set should have documentation sufficient for someone unfamiliar with the research to replicate the study. Data sets may be broken into subsets (data files) that are discrete in space and time, in that order. The documentation for a data set should include all spatial and temporal subdivisions of the data.
(Data, Abstract, Methods, Variables)
NOTES:
| PERSON(S) COMPLETING THIS FORM: | E-MAIL ADDRESS: |
| Fred Scatena | fscatena@lternet.edu |
|
Eda C. Meléndez-Colom |
DATA SET IDENTIFIER: Meteorological data from several climate stations in the northeast section of the Luquillo Experimental Forest
PROJECT TITLE: Meteorology and Hydrology at Bisley
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Several meteorological parameters are being measured at Bisley since 1993. Correlations between elevation and stream-runoff and rainfall, elevation and air and soil temperature, and between trhoughfall and vegetation types have been found. These relationships are used inhydrologic and nutrient budgets as well as in environmental models .
Rainfall and Stream-runoff
Long-term rainfall and discharge data from the Luquillo Experimental Forest
(LEF) were analysed to develop relationships between rainfall, stream-runoff,
and elevation. These relationships were then used with a Geographic Information
System (GIS) to determine spatially-averaged, mean annual hydrologic budgets
for watersheds and forest types within the study area. Model estimates indicate
that a total of 3864 mm/yy (444 hm3) of rainfall falls on the forest in an average
year. The Tabonuco, Colorado, Palm and Dwarf Forest types receive an estimated
annual rainfall of 3537, 4191, 4167, and 4849 mm/yy, respectively. Of the average
annual rainfall input, 65% (2526
mm/yr) is converted to runoff and the remainding 35% (1338 mm.yr) is lost from
the system by evapotranspiration and other abstractions. In comparison to other
tropical forests, the LEF as a whole has more evapotranspiration
than many tropical montane forests but less evapotranspiration than many
lowland tropical forests.
Throughfall
Changes in the quantity and quality of precipitation as it passes through vegetative cover are important components of both hydrologic and nutrient budgets.
Throughfall over any period depends on the balance between precipitation, evaporation and canopy storage (Horton, 1919; Leonard, 1967; Rutter et al., 1972). If the watershed is divided into different vegetation types based on similarity in throughfall and steamflow, the total throughfall over the watershed can be expressed as:
(1) Pg = Sum( T n A n )+ Sum (Sm Dm)
Where Pg = total throughfall reaching the ground, Tn = canopy throughfall from vegetation type n, An = area of vegetation type n, Sm = stemflow from stem type m and Dm = number of stems in type m.
Using eqn. (1) to estimate total watershed throughfall becomes a problem of
determining the minimum number of vegetation types necessary to describe the
system at the required level of accuracy. In one of our studies, measured throughfall
was compared with actual canopy and stem conditions to estimate the percentages
of throughfall for different time periods was calculated by weighting the average
throughfall and stemflow measured in representative areas of each vegetation
type by the total area of that vegetation group.
Measurements reported here were made in two of the Bisley Research Watershed
of the U.S. Forest Service. These adjacent watersheds drain 13.0 ha of highly
dissected mountainous terrain that range in elevation from 265 to 455 m. Both
watersheds are covered by Tabonuco type forests and were selectively logged
at various
times between 1860 and 1940 (Scatena, 1988).
The dominant tree in the watersheds in the Tabonuco ( Dacryodes excelsa ) which
often comprises as much as 35% of the canopy ( Wadsworth, 1970). Structurally
the forest has three dominant layers, a discontinuous emergent strata, a continuous
upper stratum at 20 m, and an understory layer. Leaves are mesophyllous and
often covered with epiphytic growth.
Air and Soil Temperature
The relationship between mean air temperature and elevation is a required parameter
for some environmental
models such as Zelig. Mean air and soil temperature measurements of 10 sites
located along a windward
elevation gradient from 153 to 1011 meters were used to develop relationships
between mean air and soil temperature of and elevation. The regressions performed
showed a linear relationship between both air and soil mean temperature and
elevation. The equations:
(2) Mean Air Temperature (in C) = 26.4 -(0.00558 * elevation in meters) and
(3) Mean Soil Temperature (in C) = 25.6 - (0.00543 * elevation in meters)
best fit these relationships. The equation that best fits the mean soil temperature - elevation relationship includes all the stations. In contrast, the best equation for the mean air temperature - elevation relationship excluded both station located at Sabana.
LTER CORE AREAS: Annotate all that apply (See online list)
| Primary Productivity |
| Inorganic Inputs |
LEF LTER 1 RESEARCH TOPIC: (Annotate all that apply) (See online list)
| Environmental Monitoring |
We define a data file as a component of a data set. A data set can have
only one data file or more. Basically, different data files have different data
structures or format .
DATA
SET FILES (SUBSETS):
|
1 |
Pico del Este daily meteorological data |
August 19, 2000 |
Daily |
April 8, 2007 |
|
2 |
Sabana daily meteorological data |
January 1, 2001 |
Daily |
February 12, 2007 |
|
3 |
Pico del Este hourly meteorological data | PEWeatherhourly.txt | January 1, 2002 | Hourly | May 31, 2008 |
RESEARCH LOCATION: Sabana Field Station, Pico del Este Tower
| Fred Scatena | fscatena@lternet.edu |
| Fred Scatena | fscatena@lternet.edu | (215) 898-6907 |
SOURCE OF FUNDING (SPONSOR): International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, P.R., (IITF) - NSF LTER
DATA SET ABSTRACT: Electronic sensors are placed at the field location to support other activities. Data set includes measurementes from several climate stations in the northeast section of the Luquillo Experimental Forest. These stations are surround the Bisley Experimental watersheds and the Sabana Field Station that are operated by the USFS and the USGS. See charts: East Peak , Sabana
DATA SET METHODS: Hourly and daily totals are collected from recording climate stations on the upper Bisley Climate tower by the USGS, the lower Bisley climate tower and the roof of the Sabana Field station laboratory building by the USFS, and at the Sabana river discharge station by the USGS. Daily totals are only included in data set from recording stations. Weekly (i.e. Tuesday to Tuesday) and monthly totals are calculated from the sum of the totalizing stations.
For a detailed description of the program variables, its options and parameters
refer to :
Campbell Scientific, Inc. 1989, PC208 Datalogger Support Software Instruction
Manual. Logan, Utah.
or call:
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
815 W. 1800 N.
LOGAN, UTAH 84321-1784
Tel. (801) 753-2342
Fax# (801) 750-9540
WEB SITE: http://www.campbellsci.com
E-MAIL: info@csius.com
CROSS-REFERENCES (other data sets related to this one): LTERDBAS 26: Rainfall and throughfall at Bisley tower; LTERDBAS 29: Bisley daily rainfall (Bisley weekly environmental data); LTERDBAS 90: Bisley Tower I Meteorological data (Bisley Tower); LTERDBAS 147: Meteorological data from several climate stations in the northeast section of the Luquillo Experimental Forest
SAMPLE LOCATION: N/A
STORAGE SITES(of data files): IITF Sabana Station, Luquillo, Puerto Rico; IITF, USDA Forest Service, San Juan, P.R.; ITES, University of Puerto Rico, Data Management Cabinet DM001 Drawer #2
INVESTIGATOR'S ASSIGNED KEYWORDS: Bisley, weather climate, meteorology, meteorological monitoring, datalogger, bisley, LEF, modeling
LEF LTER OFFICIAL KEYWORDS (See table): BISLEY TOWERS, TABONUCO, CLIMATE, PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL
PUBLICATIONS:
García-Martinó, A.R.*, G.S. Warner, F.N. Scatena, and D.L.
Civco. 1996a. Rainfall, runoff, and elevation relationships in the Luquillo
Mountains of Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 32:413-424.
Scatena, F.N. and M.C. Larsen. 1991. Physical aspects of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:317-323.
Scatena F.N. 1990. Watershed scale rainfall interception on two forested watersheds in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico. J. Hydrology 113, 89-102.
Schellekens J, Scatena F.N., Bruijnzeel L.A., Wickel W.J., 1999. An application of the Gash and Rutter models of rainfall interception in a tropical maritime forest of the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Journal of Hydrology.
Garcia A.R., Warner G.S., Scatena F.N., Civico D.L., 1996. Rainfall and elevation relationships in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science Vol. 32, No.4, 413-424.
Also see: Melendez-Colom, Eda C. 1999. Regression relationships of air temperature and elevation along an elevation gradient in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico. http://luq.lternet.edu/data/lterdb90/data/bistempdata/Bis-temp.htm
RESTRICTED ___ UNRESTRICTED _X__
REASONS TO RESTRICT DATA IN THIS DATA SET BEYOND ITS TWO YEAR POLICY PERIOD*:
*WILL HAVE TO BE APPROVED BY AT LEAST ONE LUQ LTER PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: N. Brokaw, J. ZIMMERMAN, A. LUGO
_X_ "File" copy only:Data Management will only file an electronic
copy of the data file and its documentation
___ " Enter" data on-line:Data Management will be in charge
of entering the data on computer files (Contact Eda
C. Meléndez)
Geographical positional system (GPS) Coordinates for each location:
|
location |
latitude |
longitude |
| Sabana daily meteorological data |
|
|
| Pico del Este hourly meteorological data |
18° 16' 39.784"N |
65° 45' 48.384"W |
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1, 2, 3 | 3 | 1, 2, 3 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
Date |
Time | Precipitacionmm |
total_ppfd |
total_irad |
Date of measurement |
Time of measurement | Total rainfall | Total Daily Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density | Total Daily Radiation |
|
Date of measurement (MM/DD/YYYY). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Time of measurement (hhmm). | Total rainfall in mm. Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Total Daily Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density in mmoles/m2. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Total Daily Radiation in mjoules/day. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
|
| millimeters | millimolesPerSquareMeter |
millijoulesPerDay |
|||
| 0.001 | 0.1 | ||||
datetime |
datetime | decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
|
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
|
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1, 2 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 |
|
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
Max_W_S |
tmax_wsp |
Max_Temp |
tmx_temp |
Min_Temp |
max wind speed |
time max wind speed |
max temperature |
time max temperature |
min temperature |
|
Maximum daily wind speed. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Time of Maximum daily wind speed (hhmm). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Maximum daily temperature in Centigrades. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Time of Maximum daily temperature (hhmm). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Minimum daily temperature in Centigrades. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
|
metersPerSecond |
|
celsius |
|
celsius |
|
decimal |
integer |
decimal |
integer |
decimal |
|
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
|
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1, 2 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 |
|
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
tmin_temp |
avg_temp |
avg_rh |
mnrha |
Time_Mnrh |
time min temperature |
average temperature |
average relative humidity |
min relative humidity |
time min relative humidity |
|
Time of Minimum daily temperature (hhmm). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Average air temperature of the last hour. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Average relative humidity (percent) of the laswt hour. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Minimium Relative humidity (percent). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Time of Minimum daily relative humidity ( hhmm). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
|
|
celsius |
|
|
|
|
integer |
decimal |
integer |
decimal |
integer |
|
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
Min_W_S |
Time_MnWS |
mxrha |
Time_Mxrh |
min wind speed |
time min wind speed |
max relative humidity |
time max relative humidity |
|
Minimum daily wind speed. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Time of Minimum wind speed (hhmm). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Maximum daily relative humidity (percent). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Time of Maximum daily relative humidity (hhmm). Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
|
metersPerSecond |
|
|
|
|
decimal |
integer |
decimal |
integer |
|
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1, 2, 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
Wind_S |
Wind_Deg |
0-45 | 45-90 | 90-135 |
mean wind speed |
Wind direction | Wind Rose ( 0-45) | Wind Rose ( 45-90) | Wind Rose (45-90) | |
Mean daily wind speed. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Wind direction as measured by a freely rotating wind vane oriented relative to geographic north. Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Unit Wind Vector ( 0-45). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Unit Wind Vector ( 0-45). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Unit Wind Vector ( 0-45). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | |
metersPerSecond |
degree | degree | degree | degree | |
| 1 | |||||
| 0 - 359 | |||||
decimal |
numeric | decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
|
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES)
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
135-180 | 180-225 | 225-270 | 270-315 | 315-360 |
| Wind Rose (135-180) | Wind Rose (180-225) | Wind Rose (225-270) | Wind Rose (270-315) | Wind Rose (315-360) | |
| Unit Wind Vector ( 135-180). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Unit Wind Vector (180-225). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Unit Wind Vector ( 225-270). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Unit Wind Vector (270-315). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | Unit Wind Vector ( 315-360). Field is left blank when datum is missing. | |
| degree | degree | degree | degree | degree | |
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
|
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
3 | 3 | 3 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
total_hr_ppfd |
total_hr_irad |
Max_hr_W_S |
| Total Hourly Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density | Total Hourly Radiation |
max hourly wind speed |
|
Total Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of the last hour in mmoles/m2. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Total Radiation of the last hour in mjoules/day. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
Maximum wind speed in the last hour. Field is left blank when datum is missing. |
|
millimolesPerSquareMeter |
millijoulesPerDay |
metersPerSecond |
|
| 0.1 | |||
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
|
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS:
FOR DATA MANAGER USE ONLY
DATE OF LAST REVIEW: March 1, 2010
DATE OF LAST ENTRY: August 5, 2005, February 12, 2006,
STAGE OF DATA SET MANAGEMENT (dates):
RECEIVED:March 13, 2006
ENTERED: March 13, 2006
FILED ON-LINE: March 13, 2006
REVIEWED BY RESEARCHER:
FILING MEDIA:
NAME OF DOCUMENTATION FILE: lterdb147.htm
NAME OF DATA FILE: PEWeatherdaily.xls, SabanaWeatherdaily.xls
NAME OF ON - LINE CATALOG: LTERDBAS
RECORD #: 147
DOCUMENT TYPE: digital only
PRIORITY TO BE ENTERED: n/a
Rev. date of this form: 28 July 200/ 15 July 2001/June 9, 2003/March 16, 2004/12 April 2005/ 8 November 2005/ 16 January 2006