ON-LINE VERSION
A DATA SET is a series of observations collected by the same methodology. Each data set should have documentation sufficient for someone unfamiliar with the research to replicate the study. Data sets may be broken into subsets (data files) that are discrete in space and time, in that order. The documentation for a data set should include all spatial and temporal subdivisions of the data.
(Data, Abstract, Methods, Variables)
NOTES:
| PERSON(S) COMPLETING THIS FORM: | E-MAIL ADDRESS: |
| Fred Scatena | fscatena@lternet.edu |
|
John W. Monge |
|
|
Eda C. Meléndez-Colom |
DATA SET IDENTIFIER: Bisley Tower (TOWER I) Meteorological Station
PROJECT TITLE: Meteorology and Hydrology at Bisley
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Several meteorological parameters are being measured at Bisley since 1993. Correlations between elevation and stream-runoff and rainfall, elevation and air and soil temperature, and between trhoughfall and vegetation types have been found. These relationships are used inhydrologic and nutrient budgets as well as in environmental models .
Rainfall and Stream-runoff
Long-term rainfall and discharge data from the Luquillo Experimental Forest
(LEF) were analysed to develop relationships between rainfall, stream-runoff,
and elevation. These relationships were then used with a Geographic Information
System (GIS) to determine spatially-averaged, mean annual hydrologic budgets
for watersheds and forest types within the study area. Model estimates indicate
that a total of 3864 mm/yy (444 hm3) of rainfall falls on the forest in an average
year. The Tabonuco, Colorado, Palm and Dwarf Forest types receive an estimated
annual rainfall of 3537, 4191, 4167, and 4849 mm/yy, respectively. Of the average
annual rainfall input, 65% (2526
mm/yr) is converted to runoff and the remainding 35% (1338 mm.yr) is lost from
the system by evapotranspiration and other abstractions. In comparison to other
tropical forests, the LEF as a whole has more evapotranspiration
than many tropical montane forests but less evapotranspiration than many
lowland tropical forests.
Throughfall
Changes in the quantity and quality of precipitation as it passes through vegetative cover are important components of both hydrologic and nutrient budgets.
Throughfall over any period depends on the balance between precipitation, evaporation and canopy storage (Horton, 1919; Leonard, 1967; Rutter et al., 1972). If the watershed is divided into different vegetation types based on similarity in throughfall and steamflow, the total throughfall over the watershed can be expressed as:
(1) Pg = Sum( T n A n )+ Sum (Sm Dm)
Where Pg = total throughfall reaching the ground, Tn = canopy throughfall from vegetation type n, An = area of vegetation type n, Sm = stemflow from stem type m and Dm = number of stems in type m.
Using eqn. (1) to estimate total watershed throughfall becomes a problem of
determining the minimum number of vegetation types necessary to describe the
system at the required level of accuracy. In one of our studies, measured throughfall
was compared with actual canopy and stem conditions to estimate the percentages
of throughfall for different time periods was calculated by weighting the average
throughfall and stemflow measured in representative areas of each vegetation
type by the total area of that vegetation group.
Measurements reported here were made in two of the Bisley Research Watershed
of the U.S. Forest Service. These adjacent watersheds drain 13.0 ha of highly
dissected mountainous terrain that range in elevation from 265 to 455 m. Both
watersheds are covered by Tabonuco type forests and were selectively logged
at various
times between 1860 and 1940 (Scatena, 1988).
The dominant tree in the watersheds in the Tabonuco ( Dacryodes excelsa ) which
often comprises as much as 35% of the canopy ( Wadsworth, 1970). Structurally
the forest has three dominant layers, a discontinuous emergent strata, a continuous
upper stratum at 20 m, and an understory layer. Leaves are mesophyllous and
often covered with epiphytic growth.
Air and Soil Temperature
The relationship between mean air temperature and elevation is a required parameter
for some environmental
models such as Zelig. Mean air and soil temperature measurements of 10 sites
located along a windward
elevation gradient from 153 to 1011 meters were used to develop relationships
between mean air and soil temperature of and elevation. The regressions performed
showed a linear relationship between both air and soil mean temperature and
elevation. The equations:
(2) Mean Air Temperature (in C) = 26.4 -(0.00558 * elevation in meters) and
(3) Mean Soil Temperature (in C) = 25.6 - (0.00543 * elevation in meters)
best fit these relationships. The equation that best fits the mean soil temperature - elevation relationship includes all the stations. In contrast, the best equation for the mean air temperature - elevation relationship excluded both station located at Sabana.
LTER CORE AREAS: Annotate all that apply (See online list)
| Primary Productivity |
| Inorganic Inputs |
LEF LTER 1 RESEARCH TOPIC: (Annotate all that apply) (See online list)
| Environmental Monitoring |
We define a data file as a component of a data set. A data set can have
only one data file or more. Basically, different data files have different data
structures or format .
DATA
SET FILES (SUBSETS):
|
1 |
Bisley Tower daily meteorological data |
February 11, 1993 |
Daily |
December 31, 2006 |
RESEARCH LOCATION: Bisley Tower I located at Lat. 18.5 18' 51.893" N Lon. 65.5 44' 41.677" W, Altitude (sea level) 310.m
| Fred Scatena | fscatena@lternet.edu |
| Fred Scatena | fscatena@lternet.edu | (215) 898-6907 |
SOURCE OF FUNDING (SPONSOR): International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, P.R., (IITF) - NSF LTER
DATA SET ABSTRACT: Electronic sensors are placed at the field location to support other activities.
DATA
SET METHODS: For a detailed description of the program variables, its
options and parameters refer to :
Campbell Scientific, Inc. 1989, PC208 Datalogger Support Software Instruction
Manual. (Window version) Logan, Utah.
or call:
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
815 W. 1800 N.
LOGAN, UTAH 84321-1784
Tel. (801) 753-2342
Fax# (801) 750-9540
WEB SITE: http://www.campbellsci.com
E-MAIL: info@csius.com
CROSS-REFERENCES (other data sets related to this one): Also see: Regression relationships of air temperature and elevation along an elevation gradient in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico
SAMPLE LOCATION: N/A
STORAGE SITES(of data files): IITF Sabana Station, Luquillo, Puerto Rico; ITES, Data Manager's File DM-002 , Drawer #1
INVESTIGATOR'S ASSIGNED KEYWORDS: Bisley, weather climate, meteorology, meteorological monitoring, modeling
LEF LTER OFFICIAL KEYWORDS (See table): BISLEY TOWERS, TABONUCO, CLIMATE
PUBLICATIONS:
García-Martinó, A.R.*, G.S. Warner, F.N. Scatena, and D.L.
Civco. 1996a. Rainfall, runoff, and elevation relationships in the Luquillo
Mountains of Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 32:413-424.
Scatena, F.N. and M.C. Larsen. 1991. Physical aspects of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:317-323.
Also see: Melendez-Colom, Eda C. 1999. Regression relationships of air temperature and elevation along an elevation gradient in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico. http://luq.lternet.edu/data/lterdb90/data/bistempdata/Bis-temp.htm
RESTRICTED ___ UNRESTRICTED _X__
REASONS TO RESTRICT DATA IN THIS DATA SET BEYOND ITS TWO YEAR POLICY PERIOD*:
*WILL HAVE TO BE APPROVED BY AT LEAST ONE LUQ LTER PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: N. Brokaw, J. ZIMMERMAN, A. LUGO
_X_ "File" copy only:Data Management will only file an electronic
copy of the data file and its documentation
___ " Enter" data on-line:Data Management will be in charge
of entering the data on computer files (Contact Eda
C. Meléndez)
SITES DESCRIPTIONS: Lat. 18.5 18' 51.893" N (Min: 18.5 18' 51.873"N; Max: 18.5 18' 51.906"N; Std Dev 0.320) Lon. 65.5 44' 41.677" W (Min: 65.5 44' 41.705"W; Min: 65.5 44' 41.683"W; Std Dev 0.168) Altitute (sea level) 310.341 m (Min: 308.866; Min: 311.542; Std Dev 0.715).
Geographical positional system (GPS) Coordinates for each location:
|
location |
latitude |
longitude |
|
Bisley Tower I |
18.5 18' 51.893" N |
65.5 44' 41.677" W |
Note: From May 21 to June6, 2007, The Total Daily Radiation (TOTGLOBALRAD_MJOULPERDAY) was temporarily unavailable due to QA/QC procedures.
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
YEAR | JULIAN |
DATE |
PRECIPITATION(MM) | |
year |
julian day |
Date of measurement |
Total rainfall | Total Daily Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density | |
year of measurement. Original data field type is integer. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Julian day of measurement. Original data field type is integer.When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Date of light measurement (dd/mm/yyyy). When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Total daily rainfall in millimeters. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. | Total daily Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density in mmoles/m2 (MMOLES/M2). When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
|
| millimeter | millimolesPerSquareMeter |
||||
| .001 | |||||
1993,... |
1,...,366 |
||||
datetime |
datetime |
datetime |
decimal | decimal | decimal|
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
TOTGLOBALRAD_MJOULPERM2 | SHORTIN_WATTPERM2 |
SHORTOUT_WATTPERM2 |
ALBEDO_WPERM2 |
| total daily radiation | incoming short wave |
out-going short wave |
albedo | |
| Total daily Radiation (in mjoules/m2). When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. | Incoming short wave radiation. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Out-going short wave radiation. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Ratio of outgoing to incoming radiation. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
|
| millijoules PerDay | watts PerSquareMeter |
watts PerSquareMeter |
||
| .1 | ||||
| decimal | decimal | decimal | decimal | |
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
TIMEMAXTEMP_HHMM |
TIMEMINTEMP_HHMM |
MAXRELHUM_PERCENT |
||
max temperature |
time max temperature |
max temperature |
time min temperature |
max relative humidity |
|
Maximum daily temperature in Centigrades. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Time when maximum daily temperature was recorded (in hhmm). Original data field type is integer. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Maximum daily temperature. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Time when minimum daily temperature was recorded (in hhmm). Original data field type is integer. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Maximum daily relative humidity (percent). When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
|
celsius |
|
celsius |
|
|
|
decimal |
datetime |
decimal |
datetime |
decimal |
|
blank |
blank |
blank |
blank |
blank |
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
|
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
TIMEMAXRELHUM_HHMM |
TIMEMINRELHUM_HHMM |
||
time max relative humidity |
min relative humidity |
time min relative humidity |
max wind speed |
|
Time when maximum daily relative humidity was recorded (in hhmm). Original data field type is integer. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Minimium Relative humidity in percent |
Time when minimum daily relative humidity was recorded (in hhmm). Original data field type is integer. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Maximum daily wind speed |
|
|
|
|
metersPerSecond |
|
datetime |
decimal |
datetime |
decimal |
|
blank |
blank |
blank |
blank |
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
TIMEMAXWINDSPEED_HHMM |
STDDEVWINDSPEED | MEANWINDDIR_DEGREE | |
time max wind speed |
Mean wind speed |
wind speed standard deviation |
wind direction mean |
|
Time when maximum wind speed was recorded (in hhmm). Original data field type is integer. When measurement is missing or not taken, field is left blank. |
Mean daily wind speed in M/S |
Standard Deviation of wind speed in M/S |
Mean Wind Direction |
|
|
metersPerSecond |
metersPerSecond |
degree |
|
datetime |
decimal |
decimal |
integer |
|
blank |
blank |
blank |
blank |
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
0-45 | 45-90 | 90-135 | 135-180 |
| Wind Rose ( 0-45) | Wind Rose ( 45-90) | Wind Rose (45-90) | Wind Rose (135-180) | |
| Unit Wind Vector ( 0-45) | Unit Wind Vector ( 0-45) | Unit Wind Vector ( 0-45) | Unit Wind Vector ( 135-180) | |
| degree | degree | degree | degree | |
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
|
blank |
blank |
blank |
blank |
VARIABLES (ATTRIBUTES):
File Name or # above (all in which the variable appears) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
AbbreviationAbbreviation(as it appears on the data file) |
180-225 | 225-270 | 270-315 | 315-360 |
| Wind Rose (180-225) | Wind Rose (225-270) | Wind Rose (270-315) | Wind Rose (315-360) | |
| Unit Wind Vector (180-225) | Unit Wind Vector ( 225-270) | Unit Wind Vector (270-315) | Unit Wind Vector ( 315-360) | |
| degree | degree | degree | degree | |
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
decimal |
|
blank |
blank |
blank |
blank |
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS:
FOR DATA MANAGER USE ONLY
DATE OF LAST REVIEW: March 1, 2010
DATE OF LAST ENTRY: December 31, 2006
STAGE OF DATA SET MANAGEMENT (dates):
RECEIVED:March 6, 1997
ENTERED: March 31, 1997
FILED ON-LINE: March 31, 1997
REVIEWED BY RESEARCHER:
FILING MEDIA:
NAME OF DOCUMENTATION FILE: lterdb90.htm
NAME OF DATA FILE: BITWDTDY.XLS; TOWELOG#.XLS; BIHRTWDT.XLS
NAME OF ON - LINE CATALOG: LTERDBAS
RECORD #: 90
DOCUMENT TYPE: digital only
PRIORITY TO BE ENTERED: n/a
Rev. date of this form: 28 July 200/ 15 July 2001/June 9, 2003/March 16, 2004/12 April 2005/ 8 November 2005/ 16 January 2006